How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Research Paper Example

How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Research Paper Example How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Paper How Fossil Fuels Affect The Environment Paper Exposition Topic: Sustainable power source Depict and clarify how the utilization of Fossil fills may influence the earth and talk about measures, which could be taken to diminish the destructive results Fossil powers incorporate fuel, oil, coal, or gaseous petrol. At whatever point we consume them, more toxin gases are discharged into the climate. They are singed to run vehicles and trucks, heat homes and business and force industrial facilities and are liable for about 98% of U. S carbon dioxide discharges, 24% of methane outflows and 18% of nitrous oxide emanations. On account of the unsafe impacts of these contamination gases, delivered when non-renewable energy sources are singed, they represent a significant danger to nature. Practically all air toxins are the aftereffect Of petroleum product ignition, either in the home, by ventures or the inside burning motor. Smoke is small particles of carbon suspended noticeable all around, created because of consuming coal and oil. While smoke stays noticeable all around, it can diminish the light power at ground level; subsequently lessen the general pace of photosynthesis. Stores of smoke, or all the more especially, sediment and debris, may cover plant leaves straightforwardly lessening photosynthesis by forestalling light infiltration or even by obstructing stomata openings. The toxins associated with corrosive downpour are sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, zone and different unstable natural fumes radiated from fuel stations. Petroleum derivatives contain somewhere in the range of 1% and 4% sulfur and thus around 30 million tones of sulfur dioxide is produced from the fireplaces of Europe every year. Its impact in high focuses, are hurtful to plants in that it diminishes development, particularly in grain, wheat and lettuce and others, for example, lichens might be slaughtered. Sulfur dioxide (ASS) breaks down in water framing sulfurous corrosive (HASPS). This is then changed over to sulfur trioxide (ASS) at that point to sulfuric corrosive (HASPS). Corrosive downpour is destructive since it causes fermentation of the dirt. Changes in soil pH change the solvency of the particles present, in corrosive soil; fundamental minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium and follow components begin to be lost by draining. In exceptionally corrosive soil (pH underneath 4. 5) aluminum particles may show up in the dirt at extremely harmful focuses. Aluminum particles may likewise be filtered into lakes and waterways and slaughter fish and other marine life. Since the mechanical unrest, CO gases produced into the climate have expanded by 27%. The pre-mechanical fixation was in 1 860 was siphon where as the current focus is evaluated at 368 siphon. Methane, another ozone depleting substance has dramatically increased. The fundamental driver Of the expanded CO level is because of the burning of coal and oil. For each tone of carbon consumed, 4 tones of CO are freed Scientist contend that this additional CO noticeable all around, trap warmth and produce a nursery impact, causing development of the sea, dissolving of the polar icecaps with a subsequent ascent in ocean levels. This would thus cause flooding of low-lying land. The nursery impact isn't altogether terrible, since it keeps up the normal of the earths surface at 1 5?SQ as opposed to 18?CO, without ozone depleting substances. CO is straightforward o short wave radiation from the sun, yet unequivocally assimilates the long wave radiation that the earth lights into space. An unnatural weather change is answerable for an expansion in 0. 5 1. 0 ?CO of normal world temperature, since the late nineteenth century. On the off chance that emanations of CO gases are not diminished essentially, the normal worldwide temperature is required to ascend by 1. 58 ?CO in the following century. Not exclusively will this expansion straightforwardly harm vegetation, yet vanishing will increment as the atmosphere warms, which will build normal worldwide precipitation. Soil dampness is probably going to decrease in numerous areas and serious standard are probably going to be increasingly visit. These are for the most part genuine repercussions of an unnatural weather change. The generally inactive oxide Of nitrogen, slandering oxide, is shaped during petroleum derivative ignition. In the stratosphere, within the sight of u. V. Radiation, maligning oxide is not, at this point idle. It responds with nuclear oxygen to frame two atoms of nitrogen monoxide radicals (NO?s). These then respond with ozone atoms, changing over them to sub-atomic oxygen and transforming nitrogen monoxide radicals. Radicals accelerate the decimation of ozone since they continually reappear to trigger another response. The obliteration of the ozone layer brings about a critical increment in u. V. Radiation arriving at the earths surface. Bright radiation is consumed by the Purina and pyridine bases in DNA and alters tem, with outcomes influencing the statement of hereditary data. In people this outcomes in a higher occurrence of skin disease. In higher plants developed as harvests the impact of expanded introduction to u. V radiation is to decrease yields. Amphibian life forms including fish hatchlings and tiny fish are exceptionally delicate to u. V light. Disturbance in the biological parity in the sea may not just influence marine evolved ways of life, UT the commitment of the sea to the ingestion of carbon dioxide. So as to decrease the impacts of petroleum product ignition, the essential measure that ought to be utilized is to discover elective vitality sources. Sustainable power source originates from the misuse of wave power, wind power, flowing force, sun based vitality, hydroelectric force and natural sources including biomass (wood charcoal, crop deposits, fertilizer and other natural materials). Huge numbers of these types of sustainable power source have a low natural effect thus might be generally earth agreeable. Organic powers, for example can e used to flexibly people developing vitality needs. The Gasohol software engineer in Brazil, where sugar stick squanders are utilized to deliver an engine vehicle fuel, is such a model. This will diminish the impacts of non-renewable energy source ignition outflows. Worldwide endeavors can be set up to control carbon dioxide discharges just as actualize use of elective wellsprings of vitality, rather than draining the universes non-renewable energy source saves, which is relied upon just to last an additional 500 years. Governments can likewise teach general society on the risks of vitality wastefulness. They may decide to advance progressively productive utilization of vitality in mothers and organizations, including electrical vitality since consuming petroleum products creates the greater part of the power. They can set vitality effective guidelines for residential machines. They could likewise change building guidelines to guarantee that new houses, workplaces and open structures are more vitality effective, for example in cool atmospheres, measures can be assumed to lessen heat misfortune to environmental factors like twofold coating windows. They may likewise expand obligations on petroleum and diesel fuel, to attempt to lessen their utilization. Plans might be considered to change over the ventures CO emanations into fluids or solids. One present idea for catching CO from Waste gases includes MEA (Indetermination). Different methods incorporate physical ingestion, substance responses to methanol, polymers and co-polymers fragrant carboxylic acids or urea. People can likewise moderate vitality inside the home. Re-utilizing materials, similar to plastic packs are one such way. Reusing papers, glass containers and plastic jugs should likewise be possible in the homes and business. Other basic measures can be utilized inside the home like purchasing vitality effective minimal bright light bulbs for the most utilized lights in the home. At whatever point Seibel people should bicycle, walk, carpool, or utilize open vehicle to get to their goal. They can likewise purchase negligibly bundled merchandise, pick re-useable items rather than expendable ones. In the event that they live in hot atmospheres, the house ought to be painted a light shading. Petroleum products give 90% of the vitality we use now, however at a cost of urban air contamination, corrosive downpour, expected a worldwide temperature alteration and ozone layer consumption. As we consume non-renewable energy sources and keep on utilizing gas subordinate vehicle, we increment the degree of CO in the earths air and keep on hurting nature.

Dress and Ideology within the Kiss Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dress and Ideology inside the Kiss Army - Essay Example The band is one of a couple of various groups, remarkably of the 1970's and 1980's, to spruce up and paint their appearances for shows and they did as such out of a longing to be unique in relation to the standard. Cooperating with the odd dress were the preposterous shenanigans of the musicians, all intended to drive off those individuals not fit to the way of life; hence it was these parts of Kiss that pulled in numerous dependable adherents as their very own result natural want to be unique in relation to the majority. Along these lines, ironicly the battle to be distinctive finished in the origination of a club; the Kiss Army brags thousands individuals and each of these is committed to the standards on which the band was established: to be specific, the challenging to appear as something else and to eagerly rebuff typical citizenry, and obviously a genuine gratefulness for the music. It was this undying fan dependability and picture that helped Kiss become of the best groups eve r regarding merchandising2. Kiss Army part Chris Jenson has said that being a piece of this specific fan club is not normal for some other fan club understanding: Kiss Army individuals are more daring and associated with one another than individuals in other fan clubs. They joined on the grounds that they like what the music and the vibe of Kiss did to society and they'll generally recall that3. The clothing standard isn't what on a very basic level ties these individuals together, however it is the thing that lets them recognize one another and feel comfortable inside the gathering. The goliath dark boots, the phony spiked ensembles and the highly contrasting painted appearances are every one of the a piece of dressing to have a place and with at the same time communicate. In spite of the fact that the appearing congruity of dressing the same and in worship to one band may nullify the endeavors of the person to separate oneself, on the off chance that you consider it more regarding every individual circumstant ially communicating similarly, you can discover what the Kiss Army individuals involvement with sprucing up. The Kiss design style wore by a large number of fans has not in itself developed throughout the years despite the fact that the musicians have explored different avenues regarding various looks since the origin of the Kiss Army4; men, ladies and kids all dress alike5 and no significant alterations have been made to the outfits as they despite everything impersonate the musicians at the stature of their notoriety quite a few years prior. All things considered, it is the perpetual features of the Kiss fan subculture that keeps individuals secure with what they are relating to and what they are communicating by sprucing up as needs be. Reference index Jason Jarmo. A KISS Army of One. Level of intelligence, 2005; http://www.indstate.edu/intelligence level/Geek_Issue/Kiss_Army.htm. This source was useful for understanding the foundation of the Kiss Army and picking up knowledge to the reasons why such a gathering would frame and be one of the more generous fan clubs. C.K. Lendt. Kiss and Sell: The creation of a supergroup. Bulletin Books, 1997. This book clarifies that Kiss isn't just a wonder as a result of its music, style and adherents, but since of the savvy promoting capacities of the individuals. Kiss is a tremendous achievement in promoting and without this the continuation of the band probably won't have been

Top Commentators Award For February 2011

Top Commentators Award For February 2011 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Top Commentators Award For February 2011Updated On 17/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : EditorialShort URL : http://hbb.me/2oz6SJB CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe first month of this year mdash January gave us good number of commentators. This month also we encountered several new faces in the community and they turned out to be good commentators and developed active discussions in comments.The Top Commentators of February are Jasmine and Pranav. Jasmine had 31 comments and Pranav 26 comments. Congrats for them, and I would like to thank other participants as well. ??Total Comments :#1 Jasmine 31 Comments#2 Pranav 26 CommentsMy best wishes and congratulations to them and for all who participated eagerly. Kudos.Send your 125*125 banner asap (if you havent) to this email id : pradeep [at] hellboundbloggers [dot] comMUST READ : 1. Brand Your Comments To Drive Traffic To Your Blog2. HellBound Bloggers Comments Policy3. Ad Slots For Top CommentatorsIf you are going to participate in this months contest, then you can subscribe to HellBound Bloggers to get the articles as soon as possible.CHECK THIS : Ways For Respecting Your Beloved CommentatorsWhy dont you participate right now by commenting here? ??READGuest Authors Of HellBound Bloggers â€" May 2011

Confucius And Aristotle On Virtue - 1318 Words

Confucius and Aristotle on Virtue This essay compares two philosophers of two very different and distinct backgrounds. Confucius’s ideas were developed as a result of his involvement and manifestation in the ancient Chinese culture while Aristotle’s ideas were a result of his absorption and existence in the ancient Greek culture. Subsequently, both philosophers touched on subjects of a similar nature quite frequently, so as, what constitutes virtue or good ethical character and conduct. According to Dictionary.com virtue â€Å"is the conformity of one’s life and conduct to moral and ethical principles†. Aristotle s define virtue in the Nicomachaen Ethics (NE) (The Golden Mean) as a form of knowledge that is â€Å"relative to us† and is shown to us by phron’sis a concept that has instructive parallel with Confucian yi; hence, Confucius definition or comment of virtue were scattered all over the Analects, due to the fact that it was not presented as a formal catalog. Confucius had four to five central virtues supported in the beliefs of Confucianism; these are courage, justice, humanity, temperance, wisdom and transcendence. The research showed that Aristotle and Confucius shared similarity with four core virtues: First, Courage according to Aristotle is â€Å"not exactly the same for each person, because the mean is relative to the individual†, therefore one person courage might be slightly more towards rashness, and for the anot her it might lie slightly in the other direction, whileShow MoreRelatedEssay about Confucius and Aristotle on Virtue953 Words   |  4 PagesConfucius and Aristotle on Virtue Lisa Wilson Dr. Malone Date 12/5/2015 Confucius and Aristotle are some of the greatest thinkers in the history of mankind. While Confucius was born in China and spearheaded a new way of perceiving morality, Aristotle was born in Macedon/Greece and also immersed his philosophical work to addressing moral thinking.Both philosophers have addressed similar subjects with major points of divergence and convergence.Read MoreVirtue: Comparing the Views of Confucius and Aristotle Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesVirtue Title Page Virtue: Comparing the Views of Confucius and Aristotle: Bernadette C. Townsend Humanities 101, {019016} Fall 2005 Ââ€" Mini Session Strayer University Instructor: Professor David Allen Outline Virtue: Comparing the Views of Confucius and Aristotle; Confucius Social Philosophy This paper will explore and discuss the social and political philosophy of Confucius and Aristotle, the views on virtue. The paper will examine the craft and artistic accomplishmentsRead MoreThe Philosophies Of Aristotle And Confucius978 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is virtue? The philosophies of Aristotle and Confucius establish virtue as a moral trait that encompasses love, courage, good manners, and happiness. To achieve virtue, one must display qualities of altruism and promote benevolence in every action. The virtuous person lives by a high moral standard that is achieved through the habitual conditioning of disposition. Temperament is trained by recurrently choosing the best course of action or the one that causes the least amount of pain or sufferingRead MoreThere Are Several Similarities Between Aristotle And Confucius1499 Words   |  6 PagesThere are several similarities between Aristotle and Confucius on the concept of friendship.   Both viewed friendship as a relations hip between virtuous and trustworthy friends who understand each other s character.   According to Aristotle and Confucius, virtue is essential when friends   are able to share their lives with one another during the time of fortune and misfortunes.   For this leads them to live happily, joyfully, and harmoniously as friends. Aristotle posited that, â€Å"The perfect form of friendshipRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucius And Confucius1391 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast the Concept of Friendship according to Aristotle and Confucius. Confucius and Aristotle both examined the concept of friendship. Since they lived in vastly different societies, one would expect that their concepts would be dissimilar. Surprisingly they are also similarities. The two traditions’ thoughts on friendship are from two perspectives, virtue and trustworthiness. There are some similarities between Aristotle and Confucius on the concept of friendship. Both viewed friendshipRead Mor eAristotle versus Confucius Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pagescontrast the philosophy of Aristotle with that of Confucius. This is with a clear concentration on the absolute functions of these philosophies and how they take care of the particular responsibility of a person and the broader society and the resultant effects on societies (Barnes, 1995). The teachings according to Confucius refer to Confucianism. Confucianism is the multifarious classification of ethical, collective, political and pious philosophy developed by Confucius and the old Chinese practicesRead MoreThe Freedom of Habituation722 Words   |  3 Pagescharacteristics we take upon ourselves, or rather personal virtues, is a free choice. We choose our responses to stimuli, and eventually this habituation allows us to act within a set of bounds conforming to our identity and gives us even greater freedom by releasing us from the pain of indecision. By acting in accordance with our set of personal virtues, not only is one free through their choices, but they are also happy. If these compiled virtues are the ultimate freedom, the main goal of a person shouldRead MorePros And Cons Of Ethical Egoism1299 Words   |  6 Pagescruel the world would be if Ethical Egoism were to be adopted. Confucianism and the Analects In comparison, Confucius had a much less radical view in The Analects, one that aligns better with our common sense. Confucianism revolves around â€Å"ren† and â€Å"li†, and puts an emphasis on filiality and humility. Filiality is the capacity for gratitude, repayment and etiquette toward one’s parents. Confucius said: â€Å"A young man should be filial within his home and respectful of elders when outside, should be carefulRead MoreA Balance Approach On Eastern And Western Civilizations786 Words   |  4 PagesChines ethical society Confucius and Socrates would say that the loyalty and justice would conflict with each other and the argument would be universal.1Many questions would come to attention, such as would it be wrong to protect a family member no matter how serious the trouble was.1In Western tradition, Plato’s ideas are used to make pre- theoretical decesions.1However, Confucius’ ideas on virtue are used in China.1Chines culture is ce ntered on a man’s character and virtue, knowing when to do theRead MoreThe Tuskegee Syphilis And Unethical Behavior2026 Words   |  9 Pageshand is seen in the actions and in the rituals of the doctors presiding over this experiment. Ancient philosophers such as Confucius and Aristotle would agree with this ethical issue. Confucius’s role ethics will show that the doctors were deficient in performing their roles properly, and Aristotle’s virtue ethics will show that the doctors are not acting in accordance with virtue. Therefore, the doctors were acting in an unethical capacity. The Tuskegee Syphilis trials targeted African American males

The Complex Relationship Between Multiculturalism and...

The Complex Relationship Between Multiculturalism and Feminism These days, it seems that multiculturalism is generally an assumed good. Increased acknowledgement of diversity and cultural sensitivity seem to be steps toward leveling the playing field for all human beings. And that is the goal of much scholarship and activism, right--to secure and ensure human rights across the board? That is one of global feminism’s aims, so it would seem that multiculturalism would help, not hinder, feminist work to better the situation of women. That is not necessarily the case. It may be helpful to first clarify what is meant by both feminism and multiculturalism. Though it is difficult to definitively state what is meant by these complex†¦show more content†¦There are many problems inherent in deciding which elements of a culture are to be legitimated by privileged protection. As Westerners, one limitation we have is our tendency to judge other cultural systems by our own standards, which are the only ones that we know. For example, if I choose to examine the aspects of another culture, my viewpoint can only be that of an American-born, English-speaking individual who has known no other system than liberal democracy. The language I speak, the governmental systems I am subject to, the values and mores of my region, and the influence of my family, among other factors, shape and have shaped my thinking process and my world view. Even if I were to move to another culture and assimilate, that would not change the fact that I was brought up a nativ e Westerner. I am not saying that my philosophical outlook would not change, because it invariably would; however, my thinking process would probably never be like that of a native member of that culture. Finding a way to understand a culture’s structure from without and at the same time judge it by its own internal standards is no easy task, but is necessary if the efforts of multiculturalism are to be more than tokenism. One of the problems that feminists see in multiculturalism is the fact that group rights or privileges often empower the patriarchal cultural systems that oppress women. Susan Moller Okin uses the ancient Greek and Roman heritage, andShow MoreRelatedWhile at first blush the protection of cultural diversity seems like a worthy cause to support for1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch deeper implications than the prima facie faà §ade multiculturalism suggests. Instead, there is a â€Å"deep and growing tension† (Okin,1999; p10) between the ideals of feminism and those concerned with the protection of cultural rights. This tension is exacerbated when the protection of those rights safeguards the continuation of practices such as female genital cutting (FGC) in the name of ‘culture’ and ‘tradition.’ Every culture is dynamic, complex, and rich in its own ways. However when cultures comeRead MoreMarxism, Feminism And The Works Of Max Weber1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe following essay is an attempt to explain and evaluate Marxism, Feminism and the works of Max Weber. I will also attempt to relate each of these different sociological explanations to contemporary society. According to Karl Marx (1818-1883) all the struggles of all societies throughout history are due to confrontations of power and exploitation. Marx believed that all societies had divisions of class and therefore inequality as a result of capitalism. He believed that capitalism would alwaysRead MoreEssay on Colonial Oppression of Women1123 Words   |  5 PagesColonial and Postcolonial debates along with the issues of Feminism have always been challenging discourses. The present day world with the constant cultural encounters and clashes as well as the ideas regarding pluralism and multiculturalism motivates a curiosity on the part of the onlooker to search the answer to the question who is who in todays world when there is a continuous struggle between different countries not only politically and militarily but also culturally. In this situation theRead MoreWomen s Work And The Gender Implications Of Australia1824 Words   |  8 Pageshave been traditionally considered ‘women ’s work’, such as Ballet, a team of Ballet dancers in Melbourne’s Southbank is composed by 30 males and 38 females. It is no surprise that the identities and statuses of young people in Australia are more complex contemporarily, unlike the past that young people may have the fixed role on the society and the gender implications in the workplace. According to the data from Australian Bureau of Statistics (2015), it showed that men make up about 10 per centRead MoreAustralian Films - Screening Responces3687 Words   |  15 Pageswas a household object. The movie marks the beginning of mass social and political change that was intensified by World War II. With countless men at war, Australian women were able to enter and overtake male roles in the workforce. As a result, Feminism was strengthening. Along with the Women’s movement into the workforce, Robert Menzie’s 16-year service as the Prime Minister created the ‘Menzies Era’, where great Australian change has said to be recorded. In such a conservative era, political andRead MoreIntertextual Analysis of Works of Art2998 Words   |  12 PagesPostmodern art is the representation of the return to pre-modern art styles and genres, and there is no longer a division between art, popular culture, and media. This philosophical term challenged and reacted against what modernism had to say, echoing dramatic changes in our social and economic features. Furthermore postmodern essays and critiques coincided with the arrival of contemporary art. Contemporary art is more socially conscious and philosophically all encompassing of several styles andRead More The Politics of Contemporary Approaches to Shakespeare Essay3166 Words   |  13 Pagespopulous at large revisited the topic of the widespread rejection of Western literature and thought by secular academia in favor of feminism and multiculturalism. The incident highlights the explosive politics of contemporary approaches to literature. Even a simple examination of two student-written articles on the Sakren case illustrates the deep divide between academically minded people. While a University of Arizona undergraduate described Sakren as determined to fight back against this currentRead MoreExample Research: Critical Discourse Analysis9514 Words   |  39 Pagesthe possibility of a value-free science, they argue that science, and especially scholarly discourse, are inherently part of and influenced by social structure, and produced in social interaction. Instead of denying or ignoring such a relation between scholarship and society, they plead that such relations be studied and accounted for in their own right, and that scholarly practices Critical Discourse Analysis 353 be based on such insights. Theory formation, description, and explanation, alsoRead MoreInfluence Of Western Customs Of Wedding Essay9329 Words   |  38 Pagesor occasions. In this study it refers to Muslim marriage ceremony. Customs: It refers to the arts, culture, habits, beliefs, values, behavior and material appreciation that constitute a people’s way of life. Marriage: It refers to the legal relationship between a husband and wife. Muslim: It refers to the follower of the Islamic religion. Wedding: It refers to a marriage ceremony and the party that usually follows it. In this study it means traditions and practices that relate to wedding ceremoniesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the world’s human population for the first time in history. He gives considerable attention to changes in city planning, patterns of urban growth, and important differences between industrialized Europe and North America and the developing world, as well as the contrasts in urban design and living conditions between different sorts of political regimes— communist, capitalist, colonial, and fascist. Particularly revealing are Spodek’s discussions of the influence of prominent urban planners

Professional Writing Essay - 800 Words

â€Å"To write is human, to write well is divine† (Anonymous, 2010). So, why is it important to write professionally and what constitutes professional writing? Contrary to popular belief, professional writing is not merely being paid to write; although, professional writers are paid well. In short, professional writing is writing at the next level with a purpose. It is important to show the basic aspects of professional writing (knowing the audience, knowing the purpose, being persuasive, and getting to the point) so that one is able to accomplish the act of communicating effectively and looking professional in doing so. Let’s not confuse professional writing (business writing) with recreational writing (creative writing). When one†¦show more content†¦Writing the message with the audience in mind will not only help shape the style of the message itself but the tone in which it is presented as well as the formality of the language used. Tone is the main tool used to effectively and efficiently sell the message and its purpose. Advanced word usage (conversational yet professional, positive, courteous, inclusive and familiar to the reader) is important in writing. Use of active or passive voice, emphasis through style, coherent sentence structure, coherent paragraph structure and placement of the main idea within the message are all used to set the tone and shape the readers frame of mind. Tone also dictates the clarity in which the message is delivered. The most important thing is to format the document and design the content of your message with the reader in mind so that they w ill understand the message clearly and quickly as well as accept the message readily. Professional writing is not industry specific or medium specific. For that matter it is not just for professionals or professional purposes. It is not just for writing a novel or a business letter or inter-office memo. It can be used for direct messages that require action, making requests, delivery of bad news, giving instruction, reports or proposals, marketing, school research projects, goodwill messages, or something as informal as sending an email to a family member. Is the address correct? Does the subject line summarize the idea of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Are Professional Writing?1583 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is professional writing? Answer: Professional writing is the composition of informative materials designed for those who work in a professional capacity. This career also involves creating explanatory documents and articles, as well as sales materials for use in technical fields. Producing documentation and educational materials for use in the medical field is another activity within professional writing. Both general news coverage and business news reporting are also considered to be withinRead MoreProfessional Writing Practitioners in Australia788 Words   |  3 PagesSolely based on the exceeding statistics it would appear that professional and creative writing fails to provide a guarantee of employment once a degree has been obtained. Research conducted by Graduate Careers Australia (2014), emphasises these figures by illustrating where graduates progress to within specialist employment four months after completion of their degree. The results demonstrated 60.6% of graduates from a language and literatu re based degree maintained full time employment after graduationRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Writing At Work Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Writing at Work Professional writing at work can lead to the success or failure of business, depending on the quality of the writing. As stated by Kolin (2015), for a message to be effective it must address the four keys to writing: identifying the audience, establishing the purpose, formulating the message, and selecting the appropriate style and tone for the message. This paper will address a current work scenario and describe how effective professional writing was utilized. WorkRead More The World of Technical and Professional Writing Essay2647 Words   |  11 Pagesof Technical and Professional Writing As technical writing grows into a more common discipline, complicated questions concerning ethical standards seem to present themselves more frequently. Much of what is written by a technical writer will need to appeal to individuals of varying situational backgrounds, and in this day of intense political correctness and moral responsibility, it is important to remember the ethical and other cultural issues associated with writing for diverse groupsRead MoreThe Importance Of Accurate And Professional Academic Writing Skills1014 Words   |  5 Pages(s2903208) Essay Title: Discuss why it is important for nurses to develop academic writing skills Word Count: 1080 The following document details the importance of accurate and professional academic writing skills for the nursing profession. This is highlighted through potential consequences that form from errors associated with poor written skills. Suggestions promoting these ideas originate from how academic writing can improve the quality of workplace productivity. It also suggests an advanceRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Writers Are Instinctively Good At Writing986 Words   |  4 PagesMy Climb to the Top I used to believe that professional writers are instinctively good at writing. However, professor Watson showed me that unlike an athlete or a musician, a writer is not born with God-given skills. It takes practice in order to maintain their profound writing skills. In other words, all writers have to start off somewhere, and it is usually at the bottom and progresses upwards. As a freshman, I took a workload writing course where Professor Watson helped me to become aware ofRead MoreDisadvantages Of Professional Writing1661 Words   |  7 Pages]American Literature[,] British Literature[,] World Literature[,] Special Topics[,] Criticism/Rhetoric[,] Language/Linguistics[,] Basic Writing[,] Composition Workshop[,] Composition[,] Composition II[,] Honors Composition I[,] Honors Composition II[,] Introduction to Professional Writing[,] Advanced Composition[,] Technical Writing[,] Topics in Professional Writing [and many more] (Emporia). Also, if aspiring editors want to edit nonfiction al books, having another degree in that certain field ofRead MoreFeatures Of Writing A Review At A Professional Standard2023 Words   |  9 Pagesfeatures of writing a review at a professional standard. This essay will examine each of those features with reference to two reviews of films which explore a specific theme. Firstly, however, the meaning of the term ‘professional standard’ must be established. There are standards that all professions must follow. These are to do with ethics and values. At the very least, standards of professionalism indicate a level of â€Å"expertise†, separating those who are considered professional from the amateurRead MoreProfessional Writing in Computer Science Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pagesand goals of the software. The first step in writing a SRS is understanding the client’s requirements, and then clearly documenting these requirements in terms the client can relate to. This is where correctly analyzing the client is very important on the engineer’s part because if the SRS is not right and the engineer did not understand the client, the program will not be what the client wants costing the company more time and money. Type of Writing and Communication According to the journal thatRead MoreProfessional Behavior, Communication, Boundaries, And Writing Skills1616 Words   |  7 Pagesand see if I have achieved these skills. I will also address the growth and challenges I have come upon throughout this semester. For competency one on processional and ethical practice I wanted to demonstrate having a professional behavior, communication, boundaries, and writing skills throughout the semester. I also wanted to provide integrity, competence, core values, services, dignity, and worth in the agency and my clients. In addition being aware of the mandating reporting, parental consent

Medieval Yarmouth, England Essay Example For Students

Medieval Yarmouth, England Essay Medieval Yarmouth,EnglandYarmouth was a town consisting of twomajor sections, Great and Little Yarmouth. The founder of Yarmouth is believedto be a man named Cedric, who was a Saxon leader, but people still doubtthis to this very day. One of the main reasons for the foundation of Yarmouthis the Herring, a fish that was very healthy to eat, and especially importantto the lower classes because it was cheap and readily available. Fishingwas a very important part of their society. The seal of the town of Yarmouthhas everything to do with fishing, including a Herring boat and a pictureof St. Nicholas. Yarmouth consists of several rivers, which was importantfor its economy. All of the rivers flow into a big estuary, which thenflowed into the ocean. Two main features of Yarmouth, were its port andmarketplace. Another major function of this town issilting, which developed from a huge sandbank formed over a long periodof time. The sandbank became strong enough to become a place for the saltingand smoking of Herring, and a great dock for boats. This attracted manyfisherman from all over the continent, including the Clique Port fishermen. After awhile silting became very useless and migration began to occur towardsthe south part of the town. In the royal domain, Yarmouth was knownas a borough, in which they had to pay every third penny of revenuesto the Earl. Yarmouth was a very small town compared to others in the region. According to the Doomsday survey, it had at least seventy burgesses byten sixty six. Yarmouth was known as a frontier town due to its lackof role of administration in the area. In addition, the king never setup anything financially significant in Yarmouth. There was one church in Yarmouth, St. NicholassChurch, which was dedicated to St. Benedict. It was founded by the Bishopof Norwich. The Church became a major attraction to townspeople. Anothermarketplace was built shortly after the church. Due to the migration andconstruction, the town wall was expanded around the Church. Another significantbuilding, St. Marys Hospital was soon built, and covered up a large portionof the East Side of the town. For centuries , government was a huge problemfor Yarmouth, resulting in many changes of power. The town started outwith a Reeve, which was an official appointed by the King. Shortly thereafter,the king granted the town their first self-administration. A royal charterwas granted, which included conditions such as: free borough,and theright to choose your executive officer of your local government. The town was divided into four main sections,therefore, four bailiffs were appointed who were elected annually. Despitethese changes, government became conflicted, resulting in violence, andformation of a town council to assist the bailiffs. In response to theconflict, officers responsible for the borough treasury, also know as thepyx, were created. Balance of power soon shifted from democracy to oligarchy,and bailiffs were downsized. A second council was created featuring a Chamberlain,whose main responsibility was finances, and a water bailiff, who collectedthe bills. Originally the meeting place for the administrationwas the Toll house. It was too small and a second common hall was builtto replace it. The borough court presided each Monday to deal withpleas, but soon extra days were added for special occasions. One day ayear was set out for Leers to present various suggestion to help the town,including annual fairs. Conflicts emerged between the Yarmouthand Clique ports administrations . The conflicts were caused in part becausethe King granted Clique the ability to administer justice in cases involvingtheir own townsmen. In Twelve Seventy Seven, king Edward the First hada plan to compromise power between the groups by making a shared jurisdiction. .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .postImageUrl , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:hover , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:visited , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:active { border:0!important; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:active , .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37645c3f89451e01c74fa40e78471ccc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: When Domestic Violence Becomes the Norm EssayThis attempt failed, as well as many different interventions during thereign of Kind Edward. In addition, a deadly fight broke out between thetwo towns, resulting in many lost ships. The fairs had to be regulated,hoping to supervise the sales of goods during this time. Soon new conflictsprevailed as Clique complained to the King about new regulations, and thatYarmouth had control over the fishing areas. Problems with France pressedthe communities to set aside some of the conflict for a short period oftime, but soon that problem was resolved. Yarmouth, then had yet another problem. The inhabitants that lived by the harbor area were avoiding payments andwere getting very disrespectful to the Kings rules. In response to thedisobedience, the King annexed the area of loading and unloading cargoes,and taxed the town for jurisdiction. Parliament unsuccessfully tried totake away the annexation. This Medieval town spent many years tryingto make a better authority, in which many charters were signed and manyfailed. Eventually, cargoes were allowed to be boarded back on the harborarea, but with strict rules. Yarmouth consisted of three main streets:Northgate, Southgate, and Middlegate. Yarmouth was famous for its architecturalrows, which were very narrow. Rows were named after many wealthy. As soonas rows were built, Yarmouths populations expanded, consisting of overfive thousand people. Unlike streets, they were very slim passages, separatingrows of peoples homes. Despite their small size, these rows managed tolast throughout the Medieval times. The only reason they were destroyedwas because of the Second World War. Two architectural problems in Yarmouthwere the cost of a harbor facility, because the people wanted it to beso big with boat docks all around, stores, and many more things. The second problem was construction: a very large wall surrounding thecity for protection, including a wall and ditch at the opening of the town. Both propositions were very costly. The only way to raise money for theseexpenses was for the King to tax the town. Corruption soon followed asthe townspeople were complaining of paying too much money, however theworkers did not even begin to start to work. As a matter of fact,no work had begun on the walls of the city until about Twelve Eighty Five. That delay of construction brought a great threat of invasion from theirrival France, and the King soon ordered for a faster paced work, but ittook too long and the walls of defense were just too big to finish in ashort amount of time. The walls were built poorly, and soon crumbledinto pieces. Therefore the king made a new tax on the people and constructionof the towns defense began once again. The safe harbor was also a huge problem. Due to too much silting, water was too shallow for boats to dock in, andtherefore a new harbor had to be built in replace of it. Soon a newand bigger haven was built, with the expenses paid off from the money madefrom the sale of Herring in the town. Soon the King of England wanted yetanother haven to be built in Yarmouth, which resulted in angry townsmenbeing taxed again, but this haven was built very well and lasted throughoutthe Medieval period. Back then, with the advantage of the seathat Yarmouth had, it became a very popular site for shipbuilding, etc. Merchants came in this town trying to purchase boats, but the townsmencould have the right to all the fish that the brought had brought in. Yarmouth conflicted its economy trying to purchase Herring while they werestill at sea, in an attempt to discourage out- of towners from makingdeals. Parliament did its best to stop that, but it still went on. .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .postImageUrl , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:hover , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:visited , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:active { border:0!important; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:active , .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6 .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud098cde18ab5e86a9df7b5f180c84ce6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nude In Western Paintings Persuasive EssayAlso, Yarmouth became an important maritimebase, due to its defensive port. It became a great resource of ships toprovide for other areas, carrying over forty ships, which was fifteen biggerthen the next biggest town. But supplying ships for other peoplewas unpopular in Yarmouth because of the fear of them being damaged atwar, and a lot of times the boats required supplies to be brought withthem, and the King was not ready to pay for any of that. Another problem for Yarmouth was they werebeing accused of Piracy. An investigation was held and they found out atleast thirty of Yarmouths ships had been involved in piratic activities. In the later years of the middle ages,Yarmouth was in decline. Due to piracy, their ships being damaged, problemswith silting, and the Black Death wiping out a large part of its population. Also, they became a rival with another town in England, Norwich. Norwichcontrolled the trade the exports of wool. Yarmouth fought for many yearsto get that back. When they finally did, they didnt even care about itbecause they were profiting so much from smuggling goods and the exportationof cloth. Yarmouth was surely a medieval town withproblems, corruption, and a lot of ups and downs. It profited the mostamount of money on Herring and became feared for its advantages of thesea. They had many problems with construction and was severely set backwith the Black Death Plague. Yarmouth was surely a famous medieval town,but it surely wasnt powerful and strong enough to be called one of thebest!

Alejandro Iglesias Essays (1132 words) - Human Development

Alejandro Iglesias Sociology Family and Marriage Experience January 9th, 2017 Essay IV In this essay, we will take a look at some of the different theories of family and personal development and how they coincide with one another. We will also analyze the roles of married couples as they grow older with children and the role of each typical individual family member in a hypothetical nuclear family setup. We will begin by looking at Erikson's eight development stages. 1. Learning Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust (Hope) Chronologically, this is the period of infancy through the first one or two years of life. The child when well cared for , develops trust and security and a basic optimism. Badly handled, he or she becomes insecure and mistrustful. 2. Learning Autonomy Versus Shame (Will) The second psychosocial crisis, Erikson believes, occurs during early childhood, probably between about 18 months or 2 years and 3 to 4 years of age. The well cared for child is learning new motor skills and abilities (such as how to use the restroom). This gives basic sense of accomplishment that when well nurtured can be projected into feelings of being proud versus ashamed. 3. Learning Initiative Versus Guilt (Purpose) Erikson believes that this third psychosocial crisis occurs during what he calls the "play age," or the later preschool years . During it, the healthily developing child learns: to imagine, broadening his skills through active play of a ll sorts, including fantasy, to cooperate with others and to lead as well as to follow. 4. Industry Versus Inferiority (Competence) Erikson believes that the fourth psychosocial crisis is handled, for better or worse, during what he calls the "school age," presumably up to and possibly including some of junior high school. Here the child learns to master the more formal skills of life . The child who, because of his successive and successful resolutions of earlier psychosocial crisis, is trusting, autonomous, and full of initiative will learn easily enough to be industrious. However, the mistrusting child wi ll doubt the future. The shame and guilt filled child will experience defeat and inferiority. 5. Learning Identity Versus Identity Diffusion (Fidelity) During the fifth psychosocial crisis adolescence, from about 13 or 14 to about 20 the child, now an adolescent, learns how to answer satisfactorily and happily the question of "Who am I?" But even the best - adjusted of adolescents experiences some role identity diffusion: most boys and probably most girls experiment with minor delinquency; rebellion flourishes; self - doubts flood the youngster, and so on. 6. Learning Intimacy Versus Isolation (Love) The successful young adult, for the first time, can experience true intimacy - the sort of intimacy that makes possible good marriage or a genuine and enduring friendship. 7. Learning Generatively Versus Self-Absorption (Care) In adulthood, the psychosocial crisis demands generativity , both in the sense of marriage and parenthood, and in the sense of working productively and creatively. 8. Integrity Versus Despair (Wisdom) If the other seven psychosocial crisis have been successfully resolved, the mature adult develops the peak of adjustment; integrity. He trusts, he is independent and dares the new. He works hard, has found a well - defined role in life, and has developed a self-concept with which he is happy. He can be intimate without strain, guilt, regret, or lack of realism; and he is proud of what he creates - his children, his work, or his hobbies. If one or more of the earlier psychosocial crises have not been resolved, he may view himself and his life with disgust and despair. 1 - Married couples (no children) 2 - Childbearing families (oldest child aged birth to 30 months) 3- Families with preschool children (oldest child aged 2 to 6 years) 4 - Families with school children (oldest child aged 6 to 13 years) 5 - Families with teenagers (oldest child aged 13 to 20 years) 6 - Families launching young adults (stage begins when oldest child leaves home and ends when youngest child leaves home) 7 - Middle-aged parents (stage begins with empty nest and ends at start of retirement) 8 - Aging family members (stage begins with spouses' retirement and ends at their deaths) I would expect the marital satisfaction rate to be

The Journey of asylum seekers and their rights to education, employment, welfare benefits, housing, health and social services in the UK The WritePass Journal

The Journey of asylum seekers and their rights to education, employment, welfare benefits, housing, health and social services in the UK Introduction The Journey of asylum seekers and their rights to education, employment, welfare benefits, housing, health and social services in the UK IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction In the essay, I will be focusing on the asylum seekers in the UK. The focus of this essay is to see how their rights to education, employment, welfare benefits, housing, health and social services are exercised in the British society. I will start by defining what an asylum seeker is. The journey will consist of different stages which are first of all seeking asylum and the rights that they get with the status. The second stage will be to see how the rights change when they are granted refugee status. And the last stage will be to examine what they need to achieve in order to become British citizen.       An asylum seeker is person who has submitted an application for protection under the Geneva Convention and is waiting for the claim to be decided by the Home Office (2011). Asylum seekers should have the right to live in safety which is ultimately more important than the right to remain in one’s own community or country. When strategies have failed, and when people have developed a well-founded fear of being killed, injured or abused, they must have the option to escape from the danger which is threatening them. The UK has an obligation under international law to protect people fleeing persecution. The UK has committed itself to the principles of universal declaration of human rights (1948) which includes the rights to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries. As signatory to the convention, the UK is responsible for guarantying that those with refugee status enjoy equal rights to the UK citizens (UNHCR, United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees, 1951). Each individual will have his own reasons of seeking asylum. It could be that they are facing persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion. In too many cases and in too many countries, people who have succeeded in fleeing from violations of human rights in their own homeland are confronted with further threats in the country where they have sought asylum. While refugees are technically the beneficiaries of international protection, they may in practice be at constant risk of intimidation or assault, either from members of the host community or their own compatriots. Also refugee women and girls are confronted with specific protection problems, especially in the situations where established social structures and values have broken down, and where the local authorities lack the capacity to enforce law and order. Sexual violence and exploitations are some major issues, which have only recently started to attract systematic international attention (Helton, 1994).   I will also illustrate an example of sexual exclusion, two gay men who said they faced persecution in their home countries have the right to asylum in the UK, the Supreme Court has ruled. Homosexuals are as much entitled to freedom of association with others who are of the same sexual orientation as people who are straight (BBC, 2010). Asylum seekers don’t have many rights in the UK. The Reception Directive defines an asylum seeker as a non-EU national who has made an application for asylum in respect of which a final decision has not yet been taken. In the UK, eligibility for support under the Asylum Support Regulations and Interim Provisions Regulations starts when a claim for asylum under the Refugee Convention or a claim under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) has been recorded by the Secretary of State but not determined.   In practice, therefore, asylum seekers who fulfil the eligibility criteria may be left without support due to delays in recording a claim or where it is disputed that a claim has been brought forward. The Home Office may in fact decide not to record an asylum claim if it is a second claim that does not disclose new evidence. Although, following a High Court judgment, the Home Office has extended section 4 (hard cases) support to such cases, it is arguable that the domestic requirement that a claim must be recorded to trigger entitlement to support is unlawful under the Directive (Justice, 2005). They have access to free health care from the NHS (National Health Service), if you receive asylum support from the UK Border Agency you may qualify for extra free healthcare such as NHS prescriptions, dental care, sight tests and vouchers to help you buy glasses. To get this you need to obtain an HC2 certificate, which is issued by the UK Border Agency on behalf of the Department of Health and is evidence that you cannot afford to pay for these things yourself. The certificate is for you and any dependants you have. It is valid for six months. They also have the right to support and accommodation if they meet the requirements for it. They will not be provided housing in London. Very limited housing may be available in the south-east of England. While they are providing their housing, they must stay at the address they are given unless if they are given permission to move. The UK Border Agency provides different housing at different stages of an application process. If an asylum seeker qualifies for housing when they first make an asylum application, the UK Border Agency will place them in what they call initial accommodation, which gives them somewhere to live for the first two or three weeks. After this they will usually move to a different housing facility. It will normally be in the same region of the country as the initial accommodation, and in the region where their case owner works. Asylum seekers will not be able to choose where they want to live if they are provided housing facilities by the UK Border Agency (Home Office 2011). Asylum seekers can practice their own religion, and are expected to show respect for people of other faiths. They are treated fairly and lawfully regardless of their race, age, religion, sexual orientation or any disability. The children of asylum seekers applicants have the same right to education as all other children (5-16) in the UK (Home office 2011). Schools commit much time, effort and resources to integrating the asylum-seeker pupils in a positive and supportive manner. Several schools have well-established and effective arrangements for the admission and induction of the newly arrived pupils and provide sound teaching support. Unfortunately, not all schools are well informed about basic procedures and guidance on the education of asylum-seeker pupils (Ofsted, Office for Standards in Education). Asylum seekers will not normally be allowed to work while the Home Office is considering their asylum application, except in very limited circumstances. In this paragraph, it will be noted what those circumstances are. The majority of asylum applicants are not permitted to work while the Home Office considers their application. This is because entering the country for economic reasons is not the same as seeking asylum, and it is important to maintain a distinction between the two. However, if an asylum seeker has waited longer than 12 months for a decision to be made on their asylum application; under strict circumstances, the Home Office may grant them with a temporary work permit. Currently, most new asylum applications receive a decision within 30 days. However, if an application has been rejected, the applicant may request permission to work if they have made asylum-based further submissions which have been outstanding for more than 12 months. This will primarily affect people who have already made further submissions. Anyone making further submissions now is unlikely to be become eligible to apply for permission to work (Home Office 2011). Since 1980, 6000-7000 asylum applications per annum, by people originating from countries such as Iran, Iraq, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Poland, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka (Crisp and Nettleton,1984). In 2007, 19 of every 100 people who applied for asylum were recognised as refugees and given asylum. Another 9 of every 100 who applied for asylum did not qualify for refugee status but were given permission to stay for humanitarian or other reasons (when these figures were published, 17 of every 100 applications had not yet resulted in a final decision). In some cases, individuals are forced to remain in detention centres while the decisions are being made. Those removal centres are used for temporary detention, in situations where people have no legal right to be in the UK but have refused to leave voluntarily. Some of those detained in any of these centres can leave at any time to return to their home country. If the Home Office has refused to give a given asylum seeker the permission to stay in the UK and their appeals (if any) against the decision have failed, they must return to the country that they come from. If those asylum seekers do not return voluntarily, Home Office will enforce their removal and they may detain them until they return them to the homeland. If asylum seekers decide that they want to return to their home country, they can do so at any stage of their application for asylum. They must tell their case owner if they decide to go. Asylum seekers should also tell their legal representative, if they have one (Home Office, 2011). Asylum seekers also have the right to appeal which is usually called fresh claim. When a human rights or asylum claim has been refused or withdrawn or treated as withdrawn under paragraph 333C of these Rules and any appeals relating to that claim is no longer pending, the decision maker will consider any further submissions and, if rejected, they will then determine whether they can result to a fresh claim. The submissions will amount to a fresh claim if they are significantly different from the material that had previously been considered. The submissions will only be significantly different if the content had not already been considered; and taken together with the previously considered material, created a realistic prospect of success, notwithstanding its rejection (Home Office, 2011). A question that arises is whether the UK would have to change the practice of detention of asylum seekers in accommodation centres (such as Oakington and Harmondsworth) in the light of the Reception Directive. Article 7(2) allows Member States to ‘decide on the residence of the asylum seeker’ for reasons of public order, public interest or ‘where necessary, for the swift processing and effective monitoring of applications’. This provision seems to address the Oakington justification, but it does not seem to cover detention. The provision covering detention, on the other hand (Article 7(3) in combination with Article 2, allows for confinement to a particular place ‘when it proves necessary, for example for legal reasons or reasons of public order’. There is no specific reference to the swift processing of applications. However, the provision is deliberately open-ended and non-exhaustive. The UK Government argues that domestic practice is not affe cted, while JUSTICE, on the other hand, argues that the provision must be interpreted very restrictively. Those detainees can be family, single mothers, single person, foreign national prisoners who have completed prison terms for serious crime but who then refuse to comply with the law by leaving the UK (Home office 2011). There are at least 280,000 people living in poverty in Britain after having their leave to remain refused. Some of them are appealing those decisions. Some just go completely underground, taking their chances on the streets of the UK with no money or shelter (Independent news, 2007). The second stage will be to receive refugee status if the application is successful. From there, they will have the rights to work, to education (included university access), health, travel but they are not allowed to go their home countries until they are granted British citizen. A convention travel document issued to an adult will usually be valid for 10 years if they have permission to stay in the United Kingdom permanently (known as indefinite leave to remain). Indefinite leave to remain (ILR) is an immigration status granted to a person who does not hold right of abode in the United Kingdom (UK), but who has been admitted to the UK without any time limit on his or her stay and who is free to take up employment or study, without restriction. When indefinite leave is granted to persons outside the United Kingdom it is known as indefinite leave to enter (ILE). If they have temporary permission to stay in the United Kingdom (known as limited leave to remain). Limited leave to remain (LLR) is an immigration status which will allow a person to stay in the United Kingdom for a period of two or five years according each individual’s case, their convention travel document will usually be valid for the same period as your permission to stay here, up to a maximum of five years ( Home Office, 2010). Under the terms of the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, a state has the right to withdraw refugee status from any individual once it is safe for that person to return to their homeland ( Human Rights Watch,1995). There is a waiting period before applying for the citizenship which is normally five years. They also require evidence to cover the relevant five- year period, because they will to see if you were in the country. The document which they require can be P60 tax certificates; or; an employers letter confirming employment; or a benefits letter confirming job seekers allowance claimed; or a benefits letter confirming incapacity benefit claimed; or documentary evidence confirming pension received. If they commit an offence for example drink driving, being involved in any kind of criminal activities, the waiting period can increase to ten years. There is a fee which must be paid in full according to the status. If you are single person and want to apply for naturalisation the fee is  £836 and for couple, its  £1294 (Home Office 2011). There is a written test which is required before applying called evidence of knowledge of English and life in the United Kingdom and there is charge of  £35. The next step will be to attend the nationality checking service which cost  £60 for single and  £90 for couple, and can be different depending on which county council you decide to go to (Home Office, 2010). The nationality checking service is provided by local authorities (for example your county council or city council) A local authority can accept and forward your application to us.   They will ensure that your form is correctly completed, and they will copy your documents and return them to you.  They will ensure that your application is validly submitted and that the unavailable requirements for citizenship are met. However, they will not give you nationality advice. All applications for citizenship are subject to enquiries to ensure that the statutory requirements have been satisfied. Because of these enquires, we anticipate that applications may take up to six months to complete. Some applications may be dealt with more quickly and some may take longer, depending on the nature of the enquiries to be carried out. To conclude this essay, I would to say that my view on the asylum seekers has changed. First of all, the government should change some policies about the asylum seekers because the UK is a country which respects human rights. My main concern was the way detention operates in case of an asylum case being refused. Children should not be in the detention centre. Child asylum and the detention of children for immigration purposes has been the subject of widespread media attention, and Channel 4s Dispatches programme on Monday 29 November discussed 3 cases (Home Office, 2010). The government should make an end to the detention of children for immigration purposes, and should work with a number of charities representing children and asylum seekers to achieve this end. My other issue is that the government should let those people who want to work while they are waiting for decision on their immigration to be made because the state losses by having to support them financially. For example, by issuing a temporary work permit, because some of these asylum seekers are intellectuals and the fact they forced to rely on benefit might create a level of low self-esteem.   Citizenship’s fees should be revised as in my opinion, they are in elevation. There have undoubtedly been positives (as well as, presumably, negatives) from past patterns of immigration. Now, however, they must focus, without the left/right prisms, on agreeing future economic migration policy.   Politicians, in preparing the ground for debate, must put aside party politics. They need to assess how many people can live sustainably in the UK, and turn our conclusions into policy. They have a finite resource: land. It is about that, and about housing, infrastructure, public services, water, and the effects of climate change, communities and governments responsibilities to its citizens (Guardian, 2011). References BBC (2010) asylum seekers [online] available from http:// bbc.co.uk/news/10180564.stm [ 7 July 2010] Guardian(2010) immigration [online] available from guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/apr/18/david-cameron-opening-door-immigration-debate   [18 April 2011] Helton, A, ‘ Refugees and human rights’, In Defense of the alien 1994, New York, 1994 Human Rights Watch, return to Tajikistan: Continued Regional and Ethnic Tensions, New York, 1995. Independent news (2007)   starving asylum seekers [online] available from http://independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/asylum seekers are-left-to starve -in-britain-397576.html [22 October 2007] J. Crisp and C. Nettleton, Refugee Report. British Refugee Council, 1994. Immigration and Asylum Act 1999, s 103(1). New appeal rights were introduced by the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004 in two circumstances: (a) for failed asylum-seeking families refused support on the ground that they failed to leave the UK voluntarily (s 9); and (b) in relation to the withdrawal or refusal of section 4 (hard cases) support (s 10). OFSETD (2003) asylum education [online] available from http://ofsted.gov.uk [October 2003] Home Office( 2010) asylum and immigration [online] available from ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/asylum [ April 2010]

Archetype, the Cause for Suffering according to Buddha, and Peoples Assignment

Archetype, the Cause for Suffering according to Buddha, and Peoples Perception on Platos Level of Awareness between Ancient Athens in Modern Day - Assignment Example An archetype is a universally acceptable pattern, behavior or statement among human beings that is meant to build pillars for individuals to follow. Carl Jung a psychologist claim that archetype lies in the collective unconscious of humanity and so it is in every individual. Archetype was derived from a Latin word ‘archetupos’ which means first-molded, hence it represents the beginning (James, 5). There are, however, critics to archetype saying that is a myth in psychology and culture, according to the critics it is something that does not really exist. An accept in modern society will be heroes and leaders, these are the modern day archetype and individuals always want to emulate them. Heroes are believed to be selfless and problem solvers, they do things for the community around them as compared to the doing for themselves. The community tends to be looking upon them for the solution of things facing them. A hero is a courageous being who has strength and capability fo r taking care of the people around him. Every hero story is the same where they are born and living just like an ordinary person, then tackles an extraordinary problem that other people cannot handle, receiving awards hence becoming the community hero. A person holding a higher position example a political position or maybe in an organization and show concern by helping the region or organization from a bad position that was in earlier to a better place is considered a leader. People acknowledge their work when they see that there have been lifted from a ditch to a place they can confidently support themselves. The fact that not everybody can do that for an organization or a region and people look up to them, gives them the title leader (Margaret, 139). Heroes and leaders are ideal people mainly because people look upon them to handle hard tasks that not every person can.     Ã‚  

Dynamics of machine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dynamics of machine - Essay Example can easily be determined especially if the equations are of the mechanical system or machine units, which usually consists of larger components of machines such as motors, transmission mechanisms, and control devices or in most cases a working machine. The concept of dynamic of machine consists of a number of equations that are equal to the number of degree of mechanical system’s freedom. For the equation to work or to enhance the ease of the mechanism operation, all forces or masses in a plane mechanism with a single degree of freedom are to be reduced to a single link which is normally called reference point or reduction link (89). And the subjective link that is to be applied to the reduction link is known as reduced moment of inertia. When the moment of reduction is equal to the aggregate of all moments and the forces applied to the links of the mechanism, the subjective moment of inertia is considered to be the reduced moment of inertia. The chain of the equation of dynamic of machines includes the determination of the kinetic energy, and when the kinetic energy of the reduction link is equal to the sum of the kinetic energy of all of the mechanism, the reduced force can be analogously (100). Through rational selection and placement of counterweights, that reduces the dynamic pressure in kinematic pair of mechanisms the concept of machines and mechanism can be easily balanced. Practically the machines are always balanced by reducing the vibrations and balancing the rotation of masses, while in modern high speed machines the inertia forces attain high values (100). The relation of the dynamic studies in machines is highly linked to the calculation of the strength and stiffness of the machine components that highly relates to the dimension and the designs of the parts. The studies are also performed through three dimensions mechanisms and with many degrees of freedom. Therefore it is important to notice that the operations performed by systems of high

Presenting Reality In Documentaries

Presenting Reality In Documentaries The term documentary stems from the verb to document to convey information on the basis of proof and evidence to support it, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary. In the realm of films and cinema, a documentary is a film that is an attempt, in one fashion or another, to show reality as it really is. In this essay, we shall be concentrating on the documentary by American filmmaker Morgan Spurlock. By the end of this essay we should hopefully reach to a conclusion whether Morgan Spurlock used the medium of documentary film effectively in order to represent the truth. The latter will need an in depth analysis n observation of the style of documentary Super Size me is and how it has been treated and presented by the filmmaker. The ultimate aim of documentary is to find the perfect way of representing the real is what Stella Bruzzi believes is the function of a documentary. As she states it herself, the aim is to find the perfect way of representing reality. The three underlined words are themselves hypothetical terms that are not certain, hence this is the first indication that documentary might not necessarily achieve its aim. Documentary style of films are still under debate as to how real can they be, this probably why Stella Bruzzi uses the word find instead of a more commanding and certain word. Therefore, what is really a documentary according to different theorists? John Grierson, the first writer to use documentary as a term in his review of Robert Flahertys Moana, came up with his famous dictum that documentary is the creative interpretation of actuality. Griersons essay First Principles of Documentary argued that documentary was cinemas potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the original actor and original scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials thus taken from the raw can be more real than the acted article. Contrary to Bruzzis idea of representing reality, Grierson believes in interpreting it. Interpretation can be in form of re-enactment. So the question that arises is how realistic is a documentary that has actors and scenes guiding the flow of the film? Any re-enactment or borrowed situations can be manipulated to reflect the directors idea, which leaves hardly any space for 100% reality. In addition to John Griersons explanation about documentary, Bill Nichols (2001:165) suggests that documentaries have a sense of realism which other genre of films lack as the realism in documentaries represent what the eyes and ears experience in everyday life. Morgan Spurlock achieves the degree of realism and transparency explained by Bill Nichols in realism in documentary film. Morgan Spurlock presents his point against fast food by living, observing and literally eating it. He documents his 30 days Mc Diet effectively that the audience has little or no hesitation to question the transparency and authenticity (Bill Nichols:165). Morgan Sprulocks objectives for making Super Size Me were to investigate the reasons and claims about USA having an epidemic of obesity. As he sarcastically says in the beginning of his documentary; The biggest people, America has now become the fattest nation in the world, CONGRATULATIONS! This statement by the filmmaker suggests that in teh documentary, the audience will be seeing and hearing the reality that Morgan Spurlock chooses to show them and he has already taken the liberty to express his personal emotions towards the theme of the documentary. Another driving force that led Spurlock to make this documentary was the lawsuit brought against McDonalds on behalf of two overweight girls, who, it was alleged, became obese as a result of eating McDonalds food (Pelman v. McDonalds Corp) in 2003. Spurlock argues that this case against fast food joints is as significant as the criticism faced by tobacco companies. A brief summary of the documentary is that Morgan Spurlock makes himself a test subject of this documentary about the commercial food industry. Rigorously eating a diet of McDonalds fast food, three times a day for a month straight and restricts himself to only 5000 steps a day. Therefore, he lives the life of most American who eat fast food regularly and also hard burn it out in terms of physical exercise. Spurlock is out to prove the physical and mental effects of consuming fast food. While doing this, Spurlock also provides a look at the food culture in America through its schools, corporations, and politics as seen through the eyes of regular people and health advocates. Super Size Me is a movie that sheds a new light on what has become one of our nations biggest health problems: obesity. Critics of the film, including McDonalds, argue that the author intentionally consumed an average of 5,000 calories per day and did not exercise, and that the results would have been the same regardless of the source of overeating. He was eating solely McDonalds food in keeping with the terms of a potential judgment against McDonalds in court documents highlighted at the beginning of the film. The film addresses such objections by highlighting that a part of the reason for Spurlocks deteriorating health was not just the high calorie intake but also the high quantity of fat relative to vitamins and minerals in the McDonalds menu, which is similar in that regard to the nutritional content of the menus of most other U.S. fast-food chains. About 1/3 of Spurlocks calories came from sugar. His nutritionist, Bridget Bennett RD, cited him about his excess intake of sugar from milkshakes and cokes. It is revealed toward the end of the movie that over the course of the diet, he consumed over 30 pounds of sugar, and over 12 lbs. of fat from their food. The nutritional side of the diet was not fully explored in the film because of the closure of the clinic which monitored this aspect during the filming of the movie. Spurlock claimed he was trying to imitate what an average diet for a regular eater at McDonalds-a person who would get little to no exercise-would do to them. Spurlocks intake of 5,000 calories per day was well over twice the recommended daily intake for a sedentary adult male, which would amount to only about 2,300 calories. A typical man consuming as many calories as Spurlock did would gain nearly a pound a day (which is roughly how much Spurlock gained), a rate of weight gain that could not be sustained for long periods. Additionally, Spurlock did not demonstrate or claim that anyone, let alone a substantial number of people, eats at McDonalds three times per day. In fact McDonalds is mentioned during the movie to have two classes of users of their restaurants: There are the Heavy Users, (about 72% of the customers, who eat at their restaurants once or twice a week), and the SUPER Heavy Users (about 22% of the customers, who eat McDonalds 3 or more times a week). But no one was fo und who ate at McDonalds three times a day. This brings out the fact that maybe Morgan was exactly as objective as he should have been. There is a clear exaggeration of his Mc Diet as no one was found to be eating as much fast food as he did. However, the counter argue this claim one can say that maybe not every day but like a few participants in the documentary said the eat fast food up to 3 times a week. So if one spreads those continuous 30 days over couple of months the result might be the same. The only difference left will be that Morgans body and health showed accelerated reaction to the fast food intake because he did it at an extreme level. According to Bill Nichols in Introduction to Documentary (2001:163): Social issue documentaries are usually in expository mode. However, Morgan Spurlock contradicts this statement by making a social issue documentary in a participatory mode making it more a personal portraiture documentary. If super Size Me was to be categorised in the b asic six mode of documentary according to Bill Nichols, it would be a participatory documentary. In the latter, investigation takes a step back to make way for a more responsive and reflective relationship in unfolding the events by the filmmaker (Bill Nichols 2001:119). Super size Me is a personal testimonial where Morgan Spurlocks voice is prominent throughout the overall structure of the film and this is what hold the audiences attention. It will be appropriate at this point to go deeper into the documentary Super Size Me and analyse it in order to understand the objectives and mode of the documentary. Firstly, Super size Me is the idea of an ordinary American filmmaker Morgan Spurlock. This is an important fact to be taken into consideration because eventually the ideology and aim intended by Morgan Spurlock is what will direct the ideas reflected in the documentary, hence, objectivity can be compromised. For reality to be completely present in order to have a real documentary there should be ideally, no draw backs on objectivity in the portrayal of ideas. Secondly, Super size Me is more to do with creating awareness amongst people. Creating awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. This suggests that Spurlock was not aiming at influencing people to completely revolt against fast food but at least beware and conscious of the harmful effects of it. He leaves it upon the audience to make their choice without brainwashing them. Thirdly, Super Size me is what Grierson would categorize under participatory mode, in which filmmakers move from behind the camera and appear as subjects in their own work like Spurlock carries out his experiment himself and becomes the main subject of the documentary. He is the director, producer and writer of the documentary. So much control over a project does make it a very passionate and well organised piece of work; however, with so much power and control over a project, the audience might be getting the side of story which the director has in mind. Hence, can the audience be completely dependent on what is being shown to them and believe that Spurlock was being completely objective? The audience plays a great role in what and how the director delivers the documentary. Super Size Me was released in 2004, mainly for the American audience as he directs his attention to Americans by repeatedly saying WE are The taste of what the audience want now is different from what was expected in earlier years when illiteracy levels were at their highest. The audience want something more intellectually stimulating and not propaganda. Moreover, reality and truth in the form of controversy is what really gets peoples attention. This probably the deciding factor when it comes to Spurlock putting together eye catching facts and shocking moments like his depression, or his girlfriend admitting to him being not as good as before during sexual intercourse. Such facts can be hidden or edited out, but the director keeps it, to show his transparency but also to add the elements that sell in todays world. In addition, editing plays a big role in representing reality. The camera can capture all the truth there is to be captured, but the audience eventually see what is presented to them after much chopping done in the editing room. Directors choice of scenes, images and music is what is eventually reflected in the documentary. In other words, only one or a few peoples choice or ideology is selected and presented to the audience. The directors selection does not necessarily have to reflect the reality. Therefore, how is reality ever represented in documentaries? Triumph of The Will (1935) is not only a masterpiece entirely on its own, divorced from political or propagandist considerations, but in its emotional manipulation of the audience represents the very heart of what propaganda is all about. (Barsam, 1992, 130) Riefenstahl is able to create a glorified representation of the NSDAP, or Nazi party, with the use of a music score that invents Hitler as heroic. Her ability to represent a political party so triumphantly is noted in the moving and chilling pieces of cinematography when Hitler gives his final speech and compares his party to a holy order. She captures an essence far purer than the NSDAP, and in a way does more than justice to the partys attempts of propaganda. On the other hand, her achievements in portraying the NSDAP as glamorous can be seen as misrepresenting and a line can be drawn between fact and fiction as to, whether her glorifications are unjust and morally wrong. For the Nazis, the euphoria of a perfect Germany according to them can be portrayed with proper film aesthetics but without directly referring to the contemporary society of the 1930s. The what it would be like if Nazis ruled agenda can be portrayed with the use of abstract visuals and other techniques as long as the real is not referred to, as societies in Germany were not of pure race. The idea of creating a pure race and portraying this in a film is almost mythical, yet alone absurd. In order to portray an Aryan world blatant lies and imaginative discourse would be called for. The ethical implications behind this, is that the people themselves must change in order to create this ideal society. The overly repeated Flag Bearer image depicts symbolism connected to Nazism; the inclusion of a flag bearing the Nazi Swastika symbol represents the militarized power of the party. As a trend in Nazi propaganda, there is enormous emphasis on military symbols in Triumph of the will, triggered deeply felt emotions associated with Germanys former military might. Leni Riefenstahls editing provides an insight into the status of Triumph of the Will as Nazi propaganda. For example, one sequence during Hitlers arrival in Nuremburg is composed of four shots; the first two shots show the old buildings of the city and then a German flag therefore representing the old, traditional Germany. The following two shots depict Hitler and then a Swastika. This sequence typifies how Riefenstahl has represented the Nazi ideology of a return to a mythical epoch by linking the ideals of the traditional dogma with a visionary future. Similarly, before the scene of the city awakening Riefenstahl links a shot of an old church to represent Volakis thought, with the rally camp site to signify the new Germany. Incidentally Hinton suggests that as result of these sequences, Triumph of the Will is more than a document of the 1934 Nazi Party Rally; it is a document of the city of Nuremburg where the viewer gains a sense of the beauty and history of the medieval centre. F urthermore, the use of German and Nazi flags ties in with the use of military symbols inherent in the propaganda of the Third Reich. She also states that; In my cutting room, it was the most difficult work of my life describing the task that took at least five months to fulfil. She explained that she did not care much about chronological accuracy on the screen and that she intuitively tried to find a unifying way to edit the film in a way which would progressively take the viewer from act to act and from impression to impression. With political pressure, adoration for Adolf Hitler, and clearly a propaganda film, Triumph of the will does portray reality in terms of the images used; they are all live and not re-enacted by Riefenstahl. However, it is a biased documentation of the reality. I believe it would have been a real documentary if only there was not so much of glamour shown about the Nazi rallies, and the darker side such as the Holocaust and ghettos were also covered. The latter would have made it a more objective piece of work, making it more of a documentary instead of a propaganda tool. From the information given above about the documentaries in question the first thing that is important to note is the fact that Triumph of the Will was an idea suggested by Adolf Hitler whereas, Super size Me was the idea of an ordinary American filmmaker Morgan Spurlock. This is an important fact to be taken into consideration because eventually the ideology and aim intended by Adolf Hitler and Morgan Spurlock is what will direct the ideas reflected in the documentary, hence, objectivity can be compromised. For reality to be completely present in order to have a real documentary there should be ideally, no draw backs on objectivity in the portrayal of ideas. Adolf Hitler was a Nazi dictator ruling over a powerful country like Germany, his influence and power to pressurise Leni Riefenstahl was unquestionable. On the contrary, Morgan Spurlock was just an independent director. What kind of objectivity and impartiality (two very important subjects to reflect reality) can one expect from a director working under a dictator who controlled the population through fear? The purposes of both documentaries are extreme opposites. Triumph of the Will was intended to be a propaganda political film. Propaganda is after all; a form of communication aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. In comparison to this, Super size Me was more to do with creating awareness amongst people. Creating awareness is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an obser ver without necessarily implying understanding. This suggests that Spurlock was not aiming at influencing people to completely revolt against fast food but at least beware and conscious of the harmful effects of it. He leaves it upon the audience to make their choice without brainwashing them. The presentation of Triumph of the Will is what documentary forefather, John Grierson would categorise under Poetic mode. Such documentary thrive on a filmmakers aesthetic and subjective visual interpretation of a subject, in addition to it different music is selected for different scenes, just like in the Triumph of Will. By contrast, Super Size me is what Grierson would categorize under participatory mode, in which filmmakers move from behind the camera and appear as subjects in their own work like Spurlock carries out his experiment himself and becomes the main subject of the documentary. The time period in which both documentaries are set in are also crucial points to be noted. Triumph of the Will was set in 1935 in Germany, where people were in the middle of Nazi revolution and political chaos. In contrary to 2004 America where Super Size Me is shot, the taste of the audience has changed dramatically. Audiences of Super Size Me are not only in America but world around, which wasnt the target audience of Triumph of the Will, the latter was meant for only the Germans. To add to this, Germans in 1934 were comparably less educated than the audience of 2004, because one of Germanys major issues at that time was low education. Hence, propaganda movies worked to its full potential as people would not question or form their own opinions; however, the same cannot be expected from liberal thinking people in 2004. The taste of what audience around the world want now is completely different from what was expected in 1930s. Nowadays, reality and truth in the form of controversy is what really gets peoples attention. One may wonder if 1930s audience would have liked to watch real documentary, what if Triumph of the Will was to include scenes from the concentration camps, how would have the audience responded to the documentary? Lastly, editing plays a big role in representing reality. The camera can capture all the truth there is to be captured, but the audience eventually see what is presented to them after much chopping done in the editing room. Directors choice of scenes, images and music is what is eventually reflected in the documentary. In other words, only one or a few peoples choice or ideology is selected and presented to the audience. The directors selection does not necessarily have to reflect the reality. Therefore, how is reality ever represented in documentaries? Returning to Stella Bruzzis statement, the aim of documentary is to represent the truth. According to her, the way of doing is still being found. Truth can be the body of real things, events, actuality, or fidelity to an original or to a standard. Super Size Me does get close to Stellas definition of documentary. It represents what happens with Americans being addicted to fast food and barely exercising. What makes this documentary a real representation of reality is the presence of objectivity. If Spurlock enjoyed something it was showed and when he was not at his best (scenes of vomiting and depression) that was also shown, to portray both sides of the reality. On one hand, Triumph of the Will with the use or real images and not actors and fabricated scenes, is a way of showing the truth, however, the sincerity lacks because it is a highly biased propaganda. Moreover, with political pressure at that time, there was no freedom of showing a balanced truth, which is supposed to be the real essence of a documentary. To sum up about Triumph of the Will, it is right to say that it does actually document the events such as Nazi rallies and political speeches, but the immense lack of objectivity does not make the propaganda film a real representation of the truth (according to the quote of Stella Bruzzi). On the other hand, Super Size Me does get close to Stellas definition of documentary. It represents what happens with Americans being addicted to fast food and barely exercising. What makes this documentary a real representation of reality is the presence of objectivity. If Spurlock enjoyed something it was showed and when he was not at his best (scenes of vomiting and depression) that was also shown, to portray both sides of the reality. The documentary is also very credible because of all the science backing that it has thanks to the doctors Spurlock had on board for the film. The latter brings a logical reasoning to what is being shown in the documentary, unlike the Triumph of the Will where no space is giving to the audience to make their own opinion. The documentary is also very credible because of all the science backing that it has thanks to the doctors Spurlock had on board for the film. The latter brings a logical reasoning to what is being shown in the documentary. To conclude, Super Size Me is definitely closer to Bruzzis definition of documentary because of the unbiased representation of truth. Nevertheless, in Super Size Me, the experiment is itself not true or completely reliable, as no one eats fast food three times a day for a whole month with only 5,000 steps as exercise. Moreover, Spurlock is a bit too aggressive in trying to bring down one specific chain of fast food joints which is Mc Donalds. He bases his whole experiment solely on Mc Donalds. What about the other fast food companies? Arent their menus as harmful as or worse than Mc Donalds? This makes the documentary a little less objective than what the audience want to believe in because it is after all biased towards giving bad publicity to mostly Mc Donalds. It is however commendable that Spurlock wisely made science the back bone of the experiment. By doing so he bought the logic to the arguments he had against the unhealthy life style of Americans. The realism that Spurlock ex plores in his documentary is the psychological realism which conveys the sense of a plausible, believable and accurate representation of human perception and emotion.'(Bill Nichols 2001:171) Spurlock achieves this realism but making the audience relate themselves to characters and situations which are life like in a universalizing way. After watching Super Size Me, one can either feel more knowledgeable about the dangers of excessive fast food eating or because they have been exposed to constant images of Mc Donalds, actually crave for a meal at Mc Donalds. This goes to emphasize that visual images is what is mostly kept in the audiences minds. On a final note, it seems that the perfect way of representing the truth is yet to be found, till then individual prejudice and biasness will always somehow continue to influence the truth in documentaries however transparent one is, there is always somehow a loophole which will lead to documentaries truthfulness being questioned.